CategoriesCannabis Concentrates Education
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Understanding Methods of Extraction


Understanding the method of extraction is the key to a safe and environment-friendly operation. As the awareness on cannabis continues, a proper understanding of how marijuana seeds have been cultivated and how the derived products are made, both the process and the equipment used are also important.
Cannabis concentrates are a complex issue in the ever-expanding cannabis industry. There’s a lot of misinformation with its network and marketplace. Dispensary managers, budtenders, and consumers will be conceited at extracts made with BHO because they think there’s some sort of health risk.
The hostility towards BHO comes from a story of some newbie teens blowing themselves up, not knowing what they’re doing due to the big trade dominating the risk. As a result of the BHO process being branded, specialists consider the process is more productive and beneficial than other methods of extraction.

Cannabis Concentrates

Cannabis concentrates and extracts shook the cannabis industry a few years ago, as the state to state legality started the discussion. A class once defined by hash alone exploded into factions, where absolute levels of THC offered a firmer passageway to getting high, shrouded in skepticism.
However, there are comprehensive issues among people unfamiliar with these stiff substances that come in many forms and under many marijuana names, from shatter to wax, honey oil, live resin, taffy, butter or budder, dabs, and the sometimes controversial methods used to make these extracts, were faced with uncertainty from the public as records started coming in of teen blowing themselves up, attempting to make them at home. In response to the issue, marijuana state laws have been refurbished to minimize casualties.

The Stigma on BHO

Butane extraction suffered from the brunt of judgment due to some teens “open blasting,” a process where butane is discharged into the environment instead of retrieving to safety in the vacuum oven. While most believe BHO’s stigma is a health-related one concerning the presence of butane in the oil, it’s really part of a larger plan to demonize butane by some facets of the marijuana industry expecting to take the heat off themselves.
Contrary to what many believed, the butane method is scientifically better than other methods in terms of conserving the fragile terpene profile of a certain marijuana strain— OG Kush, granddaddy purple, purple haze etc., which is responsible for its aroma, and taste.
Extracts are either made by processing the buds with a propellant like butane or propane, a.k.a  Butane Hash Oil or BHO or shattering the flower with carbon dioxide. When running through a closed loop system, both are perfectly safe. A closed-loop system gives a way of extracting concentrate from marijuana in a closed environment. The butane evaporated in the extraction process is collected in a vacuum oven to be reused, instead of spoiling the environment by mixing with air, potentially prompting to the dangerous explosion.

The Closed-Loop Extraction Method

Closed loop extraction is a fast, efficient way to separate essential oils from botanical material and, when operated properly, is extremely safe.
The closed-loop system is a method in which the complete process is done inside a secured vessel. The solvent used to extract the flowers does not ever come in touch with the outside environment. The loop portion includes the recovery and reuses aspect of the system.The solvent will begin inside one vessel, and then move through different containing botanical material, after which it will revert back into the original container hence forming a loop.

How it is Done?

So how does a closed loop works? The solvent tank will carry the solvent to use. The common solvent used in this process is the butane. The material cylinder will contain the desired material.
For example, A freshly trimmed Mephisto genetics blue dream haze will be used as the material because of its greasy nugs from the trichomes. The oil will be removed from the material by butane as the solvent. The butane will begin flooding the material vessel. As the butane initiates contact with the material, the essential oils will begin to dissolve into the butane. As the butane runs its way through the material, the essential oils continue being dissolved, leaving the butane/oil mixture.
Once the mixture falls into the collection base. Separating the mixture is the next step by evaporating and recollect the butane. This is done by setting the collection base in warm water and placing the butane tank in dry ice or ice water to form a temperature differential. The butane will begin to evaporate and leave the collection base, which will be drawn into the solvent container by this temperature differential. Inside the solvent container, the butane vapor will re-condense into low-pressure liquid.
Once all butane has been distilled from the collection base, all that will be left over is the oil we extracted from the blue dream haze. the solvent tank will be loaded with butane which we can reuse and the loop will be completed. Safe, convenient environment-friendly extraction.

Author Bio

Mikaela Smith is a young Chemical Engineer and an active advocate for medical cannabis raising awareness. A researcher by day and writer at night. After years of collecting information from hundreds of cannabis experts and institution. She wants to inspire others how we could see the world as haven as she found the safest, most effective relief and hope in medical cannabis.
 
 
 

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Most Common Extraction Methods For Medical Cannabis

Extraction of cannabis is an easy process, which people have practiced for centuries. There are many stories of people using cannabis tea, hash or tinctures in ancient times as medicine. The first remark of hash dates back to the year 900 in Arabia, where people used to consume it rather than smoke it as a pain reliever and for other medical use.

Modern Experiments

Nowadays, the science behind cannabis extraction for medicinal use has developed significantly, with more technologically demanding methods being applied. The reason people carry out extractions is plain and simple, and remains the same after centuries of study — the definitive produce is much more potent than the fresh herb, and there are more of the solicited compounds present. Therefore it is easier to determine the dosage. For example, fresh herb of Super Lemon Haze CBD Kush usually contains up to 7 % of THC and 7 % CBD, compared to concentrates which can be up to 99 % pure.

Plant material

According to the method of extraction, the initial process is to select the appropriate parts of the cannabis plant to use. Almost all parts of the plant— cannabis seeds, trims and leaves, and the buds can make an extract using solvents except for active resin extract. Conclusively, to make high-quality concentrates always use dried and properly cured cannabis.

Extraction methods

There are two foremost groups of cannabis extracts. Solventless extracts, which are produced with no external substances, except water, however, these extracts are not acknowledged as “solvent-based”. The most frequently used solvents are alcohol, butane, and propane. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is not a solvent, even though methods using CO2 are considered solvent based too.

Solventless cannabis extracts

When performing solventless cannabis extract no chemical solvent was used. All are needs are water, heat, pressure and a mesh.

Hash

Hash is one of the earliest cannabis extracts known to humans “900-1000 Scholars debate the pros and cons of eating hashish. Use spreads throughout Arabia.”There are several different techniques to apply in making hash. The most common process to make solventless hash is to apply ice water to separate the trichomes from the plant matter since the trichomes hold most of the essential oils. When separated, they stick together and after they dry, they are pressed and the hash is ready.
Another approach of producing hash is the dry sift method. It was prepared by using frozen buds, which are further broken down into small parts on the mesh or screen. Using this process, the trichomes are isolated from the plant, falling through the mesh and are pressed into a hash-like texture.

Kief

Kief notes to the tiny, sticky, white crystals covering the cannabis, otherwise known as the resin glands or trichomes. They contain the highest amount of active terpenes and cannabinoids. Extraction of kief is a very simple process—  A three cell blender does all the work by distributing the kief from the plant into the bottom chamber.

Solvent-based cannabis extracts

With the growing demand for medical cannabis products, technologies used for extracts are becoming more and more advanced. Legalization has opened the door to many innovative approaches and techniques to make various concentrates, and producers are always discovering new solvents to get the very best from cannabis. However, it starts to become a little precarious to make and use extracts when one doesn’t have the basic information. Firstly, the chemicals can explode. Secondly, the residual solvent can develop in the final cannabis extract, which is not desirable and can be unsafe to consume.

Butane Hash Oil (BHO)

BHO is made using butane. Several hydrocarbons like propane, butane, hexane etc. have been used for food extractions. The final product can have a distinctive consistency which is responsible for the title of the extract for example; wax, shatter, honeycomb, oil, nectar, etc.
The solvent is run through the plant material, which makes the beneficial oils come out of the plant. To remove the residual solvent, the solution is heated— butane evaporates in low temperatures in a vacuum. This is to make sure that there is no solvent left and the cannabis extract is very potent. The product can have up to 90% of the medicinal cannabinoids in the extracts.

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (CO2)

This process doesn’t need any chemical solvents which are also the reason why some people favor for it. The extracts are made using carbon dioxide, which is compressed until it produces supercritical fluid. This oil then strips the essential oils from the cannabis plant in a comparable way to the hydrocarbons (BHO, propane, hexane). This method is uncommon in a way because it uses the supercritical fluid which has the characteristics of liquid and gas. It enables it to melt the plant matter very thoroughly. In comparison to BHO, the CO2 method is simpler to control and the cannabis extract contains more terpenes up to 10 % compared to BHO which has 0.5–3.5 %. This method needs very expensive equipment which is commonly found in professional laboratories.
Different extracts offer various deliverability methods, which affect the final result of the extract. It is great to have such a variety of medical cannabis products. You can choose according to your choices.

About The Author:

Mikaela Smith is a young Chemical Engineer and an active advocate for medical cannabis raising awareness. A researcher by day and writer at night. After years of collecting information from hundreds of cannabis experts and institution. She wants to inspire others how we could see the world as haven as she found the safest, most effective relief and hope in medical cannabis.

Cannabidiolic AcidCategoriesCannabis Terpenes Education
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Cannabidiolic Acid: The Raw Cannabinoid

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]As most users are  aware, cannabis contains a multitude of different components including cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids and more! These compounds all work together to produce particular effects of that strain. However, even when you break down each of these components and look at them on your own, you are still left with some pretty impressive compounds – including Cannabidiolic Acid. [/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26957″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=”top”][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]

What is Cannabidiolic Acid?

Cannabidiolic Acid, or CBDA, is the original or “raw” form of CBD when it is growing on the plant. It is not until after the plant has been cut, dried and heated that CBD becomes more pronounced.
Many cannabinoids in cannabis plants go through transformations as the plant composition is changed (growing to dried), and these compounds typically break down into the THC and CBD that we know and love.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_single_image image=”26961″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]

What Are The Benefits of Cannabidiolic Acid?

CBDA is is a raw cannabinoid that is found on unprocessed plants. Similarly to CBD and THC, this cannabinoid has many benefits of its own including:
Anti-Inflammatory
Cannabis in general is a powerful anti-inflammatory plant and that is no different for CBDA. This raw cannabinoid has strong anti-inflammatory properties as determined by a 2008 experiment, which uncovered how CBDA is selective COX-2 inhibitor. This study found that CBDA can block the COX-2 enzyme, which reduces the ability to synthesize pro-inflammatory compounds thereby reducing overall inflammation throughout the body. When it comes to anti-inflammatory abilities, CBDA is more powerful than THCA (which is converted into THC when processed).
Nausea and Vomiting Relief
It has been found that raw cannabis juice can benefit queasy stomachs. A 2012 study found that CBDA treatment can reduce nausea and vomiting in animal trials and that it is actually more effective than CBD when it comes to upset stomachs.
Anti-Cancer Properties
As with many other cannabinoids, CBDA has anti-cancer properties as proven in a few studies. A study from 2012 found that Cannabidiolic Acid was able to halt migration of breast cancer cells. A later study from 2014 had similar results citing that CBDA altered the expression of breast cancer genes linked to cancer metastasis.
Psychosis Treatment
While studies on CBDA are still lacking, there is one company that has a patent on this cannabinoid due to its potential for treating psychotic disorders. Specifically, it is said to work best in conjunction with other cannabinoids, which would be achieved through full-spectrum or whole plant consumption.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26963″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]

Where to Find Cannabidiolic Acid?

As Cannabidiolic Acid is a raw compound, it can be hard to find. Juicing raw cannabis is a popular way to take in CBDA and is a method favored by many medical users.
Whether or not you are specifically looking for CBDA, most individuals will benefit from raw cannabinoids as well as taking a combination of cannabinoids which work together to stabilize the endocannabinoid system within the body and can resolve a host of symptoms and issues.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

What is humuleneCategoriesCannabis Terpenes Education
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Cannabis Terpenes 101: What is Humulene?

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Humulene is fondly referred to as the “anti-inflammatory, cancer killing terpene” and is our spotlight terpene of the week.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26870″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Lesson in Humulene

Humulene is one of the primary cannabis terpenes alongside myrcene, terpinolene, limonene, pinene and geraniol. Also common in nature, humulene is primarily found in the hops plant and gives beer its “hoppy” flavor and aroma. This terpene is also present in sage, ginger and ginseng. Humulene is unique in the fact that this particular terpene is a sesquiterpenes, meaning it travels well through the blood-brain barrier.

Benefits of Humulene

Humulene is most commonly known for its anti-cancer properties and is This was demonstrated by a 2003 study which found that humulene killed cancer cells, especially when combined with other terpenes and cannabinoids as with a full-spectrum experience. As humulene is a sesquiterpenes, it is also able to create an oxygenated environment where cancer cells cannot survive or reproduce. In addition, they can even erase cancerous cell information. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=”top”][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]However, killing cancer cells is not the only benefit that humulene can provide! In fact, it has several other beneficial properties including:

  • Anti-bacterial
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Analgesic
  • Sedative

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_single_image image=”26871″ img_size=”medium” alignment=”center”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]A 2007 study found that humulene has comparable anti-inflammatory properties to a steroid called dexamethasone. A study conducted one year later found the same results, proving that both oral and topical use of humulene can reduce inflammation and subsequently, pain. Studies conducted on essential oils containing humulene have found that they provide greater pain-relief than those without this potent terpene. Beyond destroying cancer cells and managing inflammation, humulene is also a powerful antibacterial agent as reported in many studies. It also has some anxiolytic and sedative effects.
As humulene easily travels through the blood-brain barrier (and given the anti-inflammatory benefits), it is particularly well-suited to managing conditions like Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, Lou Gehrig’s and Parkinson’s Disease.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26872″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Strains High In Humulene

With all the benefits this potent terpene has to offer, many users may be inclined to search for strains specifically high in humulene in order to reap the benefits. This terpene is common among both Indica and Sativa strains to provide potent pain relief and anti-cancer benefits.
White Widow
White Widow has been around since the early 90’s and is a near-balanced hybrid strain with a 60:40 Sativa/Indica ratio. Bred from a Brazilian Sativa and a South Indian Indica, White Widow produces a cerebrally driven high with a relaxing undertone. This strain gets its name from the white crystals that blanket the plant and is very potent. Ideal for individuals suffering from depression, stress, pain or PTSD, White Widow is a great evening or daytime medication.
Beginner Beware – White Widow starts out soft, but the smoke expands dramatically which can lead to heavy coughing; especially if you’re a novice smoker.
Platinum Kush
Platinum Kush (or Platinum OG) is an Indica-dominant strain with dense trichomes and heavy effects. This strain has moderate THC levels and some CBD making it a great option for individuals battling anxiety, depression, and pain. Platinum Kush produces a deep body high that is extremely relaxing and mellow. Typically shorter lasting, the effects are perfect for helping put you to sleep.
Girl Scout Cookies
Girl Scout Cookies aka GSC is a near even Indica-dominant hybrid with a 60:40 Indica/Sativa ratio. The blend of Indica and Sativa genetics provides a distinct cerebral and physical experience. The high is long-lasting starting with powerful, happy and euphoric cerebral effects that are accompanied by heavy physical relaxation and feelings of lethargy. As a result, Girl Scout Cookies is particularly effective at treating anxiety, stress, depression and appetite loss.
AK-47
AK-47 is a surprisingly mellow and relaxing strain, despite the deadly name. A fusion of Thai, Mexican, Afghani, and Colombian varieties has produced this Sativa-dominant strain. The 65:35 Sativa/Indica genetics won AK-47 many awards, including the Cannabis Cup. The resulting effects are long lasting and very heady resulting in a burst of creative, energizing and happy. In addition, this strain is effective at managing pain and inducing relaxation. As a result, it is excellent for individuals battling anxiety, stress, chronic pain and depression.
Durban Poison
As a pure Sativa strain, Durban Poison is sure to blow your mind! Originally brought from South Africa to the United States in the 1970s, this strain has been growing in popularity ever since. Due to the pure Sativa nature, the effects are purely cerebral resulting in a strong and happy head high that can boost creativity and energy making it great for getting things done! Durban Poison is also an excellent option for individuals managing ADD/ADHD, bipolar disorder, fatigue, migraines, nausea and depression. In smaller doses, it is ideal for managing anxiety but can produce paranoia when too much is consumed.  
Focusing on the above strains with humulene can help provide an extra boost of benefits for battling inflammation and pain, providing sedative and calming effects and even battling cancer![/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Full-Spectrum ConcentratesCategoriesBenefits of Cannabis Cannabis Concentrates Education
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The Evolution of Full-Spectrum Concentrates

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]As the cannabis industry continues to evolve, so do its consumers. Current cannabis consumers are much more knowledgeable about the products that they purchase – and the standards to which they are processed. Full-spectrum concentrates are a great example of how the cannabis industry is evolving to meet the needs of its customers. [/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26821″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]While concentrates such as shatter, vape oils and distillates are not new to the industry, the concept of producing a premium, full-spectrum product is slowly becoming the new norm.

What are Full-Spectrum Concentrates?

While cannabis concentrates are typically very high in cannabinoid content with many concentrates reaching 60-90% pure THC or CBD content, many extraction processes destroy or dilute the terpenes found within the plant. Terpenes are responsible for giving cannabis its unique aroma, as well as contributing to many of the effects including sedative properties, anti-anxiety and even anti-cancer agents.
Full-spectrum concentrates preserve not only cannabinoid content, but also terpene and flavonoid profiles for a more “whole” customer experience. This is known as the “Entourage Effect”. [/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26822″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

The “Entourage Effect”

The “Entourage Effect” contributes to the benefits of the cannabis flower as a whole. That is to say that the components found within cannabis plants – cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids – are all designed to work together to produce the desired effects.
One example of the “Entourage Effect” in action is how the cannabinoid CBD can actually help balance the heavy cerebral effects of THC. Therefore, allowing patients to benefit from THC but without overwhelming cerebral effects.
Terpenes also contribute to the effects of cannabis in many ways. As terpenes are not only found in the cannabis plant, but also throughout nature, the effects have been well studied. Ever take a bath with lavender essential oil? That is the terpene linalool at work. This terpene contributes to reduce the effects of stress and anxiety and can even assist with pain relief. Another well known terpene is Terpinolene, which is commonly found in tea tree oil. This terpene is praised for its antifungal, antibacterial and sedative influence. All of these effects work in tandem with THC (or CBD) to produce the full-spectrum benefit of the cannabis plant. [/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26823″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Final Thoughts

Pure THC or pure CBD products do have their place in the cannabis industry and can help to treat a number of disorders, but full-spectrum products takes that one step further.
Many strain specific concentrates, such as the ones we carry at Compassion Concentrates, are derived from that particular cannabis plant – meaning that they contain terpenes as well as cannabinoid content. Choosing strain-derived or full-spectrum concentrates is as close to nature as you can get.
Fortunately, with the array of concentrates on the market, it is becoming much easier to choose the exact product for you based on the strain or the levels of cannabinoid and terpenes found in that extract.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

What is TerpineolCategoriesCannabis Terpenes Education
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Cannabis Terpenes 101: What is Terpineol?

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]We are back again with another Cannabis Terpenes 101 article all about Terpineol, which is alternatively known as “the tumor killing terpene that fights cancer”.

Lesson in Terpineol

As with many of the other terpenes we have covered, terpineol is a primary terpene found within the cannabis plant – but that is not the only place it exists! In fact, terpineol can be found in lilacs, lime blossoms, eucalyptus sap and pine trees. As a result, terpineol is most commonly found alongside high levels of the terpene, pinene.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26761″ img_size=”960×576″ alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Benefits of Terpineol

Terpineol is particularly known for having relaxing effects and can lead to decreased motility in mice, meaning it could be partially responsible for producing the couchlock effects present in Indica-dominant cannabis strains.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]Beyond the relaxing effects, terpineol also has several other benefits, which include:

  • Antioxidant
  • Anti-tumor
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anxiolytic (reduces anxiety)

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_single_image image=”26758″ img_size=”medium” alignment=”center”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Some of the major buzz around this terpene is the cancer-fighting, tumor-shrinking benefits it possesses. While the research is minimal, one study from 2010 did show promise for terpineol as an anti-cancer agent, particularly when pitted against small cell lung carcinoma.
Beyond the cancer-fighting properties, a study from 2016 showed that terpineol has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-pain properties that are particularly beneficial to patients suffering from Fibromyalgia or similar disorders. In addition, it is a powerful antioxidant.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26759″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Strains High In Terpineol

Terpineol is known for having relaxing and anti-anxiety properties that are particularly beneficial to cannabis users. While present in many strains, it seems to be more common in hybrid or Indica-dominant plants.
Some of the strains that are known to have higher levels of terpineol include:
Girl Scout Cookies
Girl Scout Cookies are an Indica-dominant hybrid that features a strong cerebral component. As a result, Girl Scout Cookies provides both Sativa and Indica effects resulting in a powerful happy and euphoric high with serious physical relaxation. These effects blend perfectly together to alleviate anxiety, stress, depression and also appetite-loss.
OG Kush
OG Kush is a classic American cannabis strain that pulls no punches! With a potent mix of Indica and Sativa genetics, OG Kush delivers an intense euphoria followed by strong couchlock effects. The cerebral boost is ideal for depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety while the heavy Indica effects can relieve pain and nausea. OG Kush is also used for managing Alzheimer’s disease.
Jack Herer
Jack Herer is a Sativa-dominant strain that produces happy, bubbly and euphoric effects that help boost creativity and energy making this strain ideal for daytime activities. Jack Herer is particularly beneficial to individuals suffering from bipolar disorder, anxiety, migraines, PTSD or ADHD.
White Widow
White Widow is a Sativa-dominant hybrid that results in a cerebrally driven high with a calming undertone. Especially good for depression, stress, PTSD and pain, White Widow is ideal for individuals looking to unwind and relax while keeping mental clarity. Beware though, the sweet smoke of this strain expands dramatically which can result in heavy coughing, especially for beginners.
No matter what your ailment, terpineol and strains high in this terpene, are excellent for relaxation and reducing anxiety and stress![/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

What is TerpinoleneCategoriesCannabis Terpenes Education
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Cannabis Terpenes 101: What is Terpinolene?

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Who’s ready to learn more about terpenes!? We are back with a new series focusing on these incredible compounds found in marijuana and throughout nature. Terpenes have a number of unique attributes and effects, but in general Google defines them as “volatile unsaturated hydrocarbons found in the essential oils of plants, especially conifers and citrus trees”. [/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26727″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Lesson in Terpinolene

This week we are looking at Terpinolene. This particular terpene is characterized by having a fresh aroma and flavor with hints of floral, herbal, piney and occasional citrus tones. While often found in tea tree, conifers, apple, cumin, sage, rosemary and lilac, terpinolene is also used to make essential oils and some homemade soaps. When it comes to cannabis, terpinolene is most notably found in Sativa-dominant strains, as opposed to the Indica variety.

Benefits of Terpinolene

Unlike other terpenes that we have discussed in our Cannabis Terpenes 101 series, Terpinolene does not contain anti-inflammatory or analgesic properties. Instead, this particular terpene is praised for its antifungal, antibacterial and sedative properties.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]Terpinolene also has several other benefits, which include:

  • Slows bacterial growth and spread
  • Inhibits the growth and spread of fungus
  • Insomnia aid to assist with sleep
  • Inhibits cancer cell growth
  • Antioxidant to prevent oxidation damage of cells

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_single_image image=”26728″ img_size=”medium” alignment=”center”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Given this terpenes connection to tea tree and tea tree oil, it is not surprising that one of its more potent benefits are the antibacterial properties. While this was examined in 1995 using a whole plant, it wasn’t until 2005 when research was done on Diplotaenia damavandica – a plant with 20% terpinolene in its genetic makeup. The result was effectiveness against e coli and several other pathogens, which further proves the benefits of Terpinolene.[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]In two separate studies in 2012 and 2013, Terpinolene was found to slow cancer growth by downregulating particular cell proteins. As if that is not impressive enough, a 2005 study also proved terpinolene as an effective treatment for heart disease, which is still one of the leading causes of death in the United States.
Lastly, as mentioned earlier, Terpinolene is also famous for its notable sedative properties (as proven in a 2013 study). This makes it a valuable defense against insomnia and even anxiety as it reduces excitement in the brain. [/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26731″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Strains High In Terpinolene

As stated above, Sativa-dominant strains tend to have higher levels of Terpinolene when compared to Indica plants. This is interesting when you consider the sedative properties of this terpene, however it important to note that terpenes are generally 1-2% of a plants makeup as opposed to THC or CBD which can make up 20-30% of a plants cannabinoid compounds.
Some of the strains with higher amounts of Terpinolene are:
Super Jack
This strain is one of the more rare 100% pure Sativa hybrids and is a highly potent combination of Super Silver Haze and Jack Herer. The effects are heavily Sativa and can be overpowering to new users. This strain is excellent for morning medicating as it leaves the user feeling uplifted, motivated and focused with a boost in energy while still leaving you highly functional.
Jack Herer
Easily one of the best-known strains in America, Jack Herer is a Sativa-dominant strain that produces happy, bubbly and euphoric effects that increase energy and help spur creativity. This strain is effective for several mental or neurological disorders such as anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder and migraines.
Arjan’s Haze #3
Designed by crossing Neville’s Haze X Super Silver X Haze X Laos Plant strains, Arjan’s Haze #3 is a Sativa-dominant hybrid. This strain produces a clear-headed cerebral high that leaves the user feeling uplifted, motivated and insanely creative. As the high builds, it leads to a deep introspection that is paired with a creeping body high that results in couchlock.
Pineapple Jack
Another Jack Herer baby, Pineapple Jack combines this potent Sativa with an Indica-heavy Pineapple strain for a balanced hybrid. Pineapple Jack is a moderately potent strain that produces a clear-headed boost in energy, creativity and sociability as well as mood. This strain is ideal for battling stress and managing depression, irritability and migraine headaches.
If you are looking for sedative, antibacterial, antifungal or cancer-reducing properties, make sure to choose a strain high in Terpinolene to get the most out of your next puff![/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

cannabis oilsCategoriesBenefits of Cannabis Cannabis Concentrates Education
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All You Need to Know About Cannabis Oils

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Cannabis oils are a concentrated form of the cannabis plant. All cannabis oils and concentrates are derived directly from fresh flower that has been put through an extraction process in order to produce the desired potency and consistency.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26676″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Oils versus Flower

The typical range of potency in cannabis flower is between 14% reaching up to 30% in some cases. Most strains fall around the 16-20% THC mark, making it a solid option. For customers looking for something more potent, however, cannabis oils are the best choice. As cannabis oil is a concentrated form of cannabinoids, which have been stripped from the flower and processed, these products can have THC levels ranging from 60% up to 90%. This results in a product that is 4-6x more potent than flower!

Types of Oils

There are various cannabis oil products on the market currently including phoenix tears (also known as Rick Simpson Oil / RSO), clear distillates, vape pen oil, CBD oil and more. Depending on the production method, these oils are derived using different types of extraction processes and solvents to produce the desired effects. [/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26679″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=”top”][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]Butane Hash Oil (Honey Oil)
Butane Hash Oil, also known as BHO or Honey Oil, is a potent concentrate that can come in oil, budder, shatter and wax consistencies. It is so named for the use of butane throughout the extraction process.
CO2 Oil
CO2 extraction is another method that uses CO2, as opposed to butane, to strip cannabinoids from the plant. This is considered a “green solvent” and is still new to the industry. The resulting concentrates can range from oil, budder, shatter and wax consistencies but do not retain the same terpene profile as butane processes.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]Rick Simpson Oil / Phoenix Tears
Rick Simpson Oil is typically a full spectrum oil that uses all of the plant matter and contains high levels of THC, typically around 50-60% and 10-15% CBD. True Rick Simpson Oil is typically a combination oil whereas Phoenix Tears tend to be pure THC.
CBD Oil
Similar to the above products, CBD oil is a potent and pure product where CBD is the main component instead of THC. CBD oil has proven beneficial for reducing seizures, managing pain and boosting mood and is typically derived from hemp versus Indica or Sativa cannabis strains. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Most cannabis oils will also be combined with a carrier oil, such as MCT (coconut oil), olive oil, hemp oil or grapeseed oil. These carrier oils are a necessary component that help the body to absorb the concentrated cannabis.

How to Dose

It is estimated that cannabis oil is a 6:1 ratio when compared to dry flower – essentially, this means every 6 ml of oil is equivalent to 1 gram of flower. As a result, most patients will find relief with a daily dose of 0.5 to 1.5 ml of THC cannabis oil. However, if you are brand new to cannabis oil, the effects will be much stronger and you may only need 0.25ml.
Of course, this can be adjusted if you have more severe symptoms one day or if you are not getting the necessary relief from the suggested dose. However, it is important to allow the oil time to be absorbed, so do not re-dose until at least 4 hours have passed to ensure you give it a chance to work.
While cannabis oil takes longer to work than smoking a joint, the effects also last longer and can provide all-day relief.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26680″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Benefits of Cannabis Oil

Given the high concentrations of cannabinoids found in THC or CBD cannabis oil, it is a very potent option for patients seeking relief. Depending on which type of oil you have chosen, you may see different benefits. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]

Benefits of THC Oil

THC is a very potent property that provides a multitude of benefits including:

  • Reduces inflammation by controlling the immune response
  • Releases neurotransmitters to improve mood and manage mood disorders
  • Stimulates appetite through the release of the hormone “ghrelin”
  • Reduces oxidative stress in the cells to prevent cell death
  • Reduces the production of amyloid – a protein linked to Alzheimer’s

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Benefits of CBD Oil

CBD is another popular cannabinoid that produces little to no psychoactive effects, but has a host of medical benefits including:

  • Reduces inflammation by controlling the immune response
  • Relieves mild, moderate and even severe pain
  • Reduces depression by increasing serotonin production
  • Reduces anxiety by managing blood flow and brain activity
  • Reduces seizures by managing GABA, a hormone linked to seizures and heightened excitability in the brain

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Compassion Concentrates

All concentrates manufactured at Compassion Concentrates (including our shatter, live resin, edibles, clear distillate and phoenix tears) are produced using butane extraction (versus alcohol or CO2) to strip the desired components from the plant. This process filters butane through plant material to separate the cannabinoids, terpenes and trichomes from the plant itself. This particular extraction method is known to produce some of the strongest concentrates on the market and also preserves the terpene profiles to result in extremely flavorful concentrates.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Mother of CannabinoidsCategoriesCannabis Terpenes Education
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Meet CBG-A: The Mother of Cannabinoids

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Cannabis is comprised of various elements from cannabinoids to terpenes to flavonoids. When it comes to cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, they make up a large portion of the cannabis plant. In higher quality strains, the THC content can be 25-30%! However, THC and CBD are not the only cannabinoids that can be found in the cannabis plant. In fact, there are estimated to be dozens, maybe even hundreds, of these elements.
While THC and CBD are the two most well-known cannabinoids, there is another that should be taken note of: CBG-A, which is sometimes referred to as the “mother of all cannabinoids”.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26657″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

What is CBG-A?

Cannabigerol (CBG) or cannabigerolic acid (CBG-A) is a minor cannabinoid that actually plays a major role throughout the cannabis plant. In fact, CBG-A is the chemical catalyst for both of the popular cannabinoids – THC and CBD! When heat is applied to CBG-A through the process of decarboxylation, it changes the structure of the cannabinoid, resulting in the neutral form of CBG (as well as THC, CBD, CBC), which then become “active” compounds. The genetics of the strain itself are what determines the conversion to either THC or CBD.
CBG-A is known as the “mother of all cannabinoids” due to this phenomenon and is often converted into another form before ingestion even takes place. This is why it may be minor in regard to concentration levels when smoked, but is still a vitally important cannabinoid.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=”top”][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]

Benefits of CBG-A

Beyond its incredible affect on cannabinoids, CBG on its own is a non-intoxicating and non-psychoactive component with various medical qualities.
According to a 2009 study, it was proven that CBG can lower intraocular eye pressure, making it a potent treatment for individuals suffering from glaucoma.
Another study, published in 2011, found several other benefits for CBG including antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties as well as antidepressant potential. This study also concluded that CBG can benefit those suffering from anxiety and muscular tension as it helps to inhibit the uptake of GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid), a neurotransmitter. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_single_image image=”26658″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]This amazing cannabinoid is also believed to benefit individuals with psoriasis by inhibiting growth of the offending skin cells, as well as promoting appetite, lowering blood pressure and also decreasing inflammation – particularly associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
A more recent 2015 study shows promise for CBG against Huntington’s Disease as it has a unique ability to protect neurons. And – if that isn’t impressive enough – it was also shown to block receptors that cause cancer cell growth in a study the year before.[/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26661″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Strains High in CBG-A

As CBG-A converts to THC-A and CBD-A and then later THC and CBD, it is hard to find high quantities of this cannabinoid. While hard to find, they are not entirely rare. Here are a couple strains that are found to be high in CBG / CBG-A.
Williams Wonder
William’s Wonder is a well-known legend as it is a rare, 100% pure Indica. This strain has been around since the 1980s offering users great taste and high potency with THC levels of 20-25%. Unique to William’s Wonder, it also has a high CBG potenty of around 30%.
Exodus Cheese
Exodus Cheese is a Sativa-dominant strain that is a cross between Skunk and Cheese. It packs quite a punch with THC levels reaching up to 18%. This strain is quite potent with a skunky, cheesy aroma and flavor.
Destroyer
Destroyer is a rare 100% pure Sativa strain that was created by crossing a Meao Thai with a Mexican x Colombian strain. This strain is a destroyer of stress and bad moods and can help alleviate pain and depression. This strain has lower THC at 10-15%, but is known for having higher concentrations of CBG.
With the interest growing in the benefits of this cannabinoid, we may very well see CBG oils and tinctures on the market soon![/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

CategoriesCannabis Terpenes Education
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Cannabis Terpenes 101: What is Beta Caryophyllene?

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]So far we have discussed several different terpenes including Limonene, Cineole and Delta 3 Carene but it doesn’t stop there! In fact, there are hundreds of different kinds of these aromatic components that exist within cannabis plants. The next terpene in our series is Beta Caryophyllene, which is sometimes referred to as the “cancer fighting terpene”. [/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26641″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]

Lesson in Beta Caryophyllene

Beta Caryophyllene is found not only in cannabis, but also in hops, black pepper and even rosemary. This terpene works similar to CBD in that it only targets the CB2 receptors, and therefore does not produce a psychoactive component.

Benefits of Beta Caryophyllene

Often touted as a “cancer fighting terpene”, Beta Caryophyllene is a powerful component that has dozens of amazing benefits! [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row content_placement=”top”][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]

1. May Prevent Cancer

The first, as mentioned, is that Beta Caryophyllene can help inhibit tumor growth when used in conjunction with a high fat diet. It is also believed, if oxidized, that Beta Caryophyllene can not only inhibit growth of cancer cells but also induce self-destruction of those cells.

2. Improves Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function

Mitochondria, as you may remember from High School science, is the powerhouse of the cell – meaning it helps to manage many functions at a cellular level. Beta Caryophyllene has been shown to help improve these functions to produce results including increased longevity, improved metabolism and stress management. This is particularly beneficial to individuals that suffer from anxiety or chronic stress, as proven in 2014 study.

3. Protects Against Neurodegeneration

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_single_image image=”26642″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Another impressive quality of Beta Caryophyllene is its ability to protect against neurodegeneration. One of the ways that this is possible is the potent anti-inflammatory properties of this terpene, which help to reduce neuroinflammation and relieve stress on the cells, therefore reducing oxidative stress, which can break down cell structure. This is particularly beneficial to individuals suffering from Parkinson’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis or age-related illness such as Alzheimer’s. In addition, it can help reduce leaky blood-brain barrier, which can occur after a stroke.

4. Reduces Pain

Reducing pain is a common benefit with many cannabis compounds, such as THC, CBD and other terpenes. Beta Caryophyllene is no different being a potent anti-inflammatory agent itself! This is a great benefit for individuals suffering from Multiple Sclerosis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and arthritis or pain from injury.
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Strains High In Beta Caryophyllene

While THC and CBD are responsible for producing several key benefits, and regulating the absorption of cannabinoids into the endocannabinoid system, terpenes also provide many benefits. This helps consumers to choose the most ideal strain depending on what result you are looking for – whether it is pain relief, inflammation reduction or even to help reduce tumor growth.
The benefits of Beta Caryophyllene are vast, and there are a few strains that are known to have a higher amount of this terpene including:
OG Kush
OG Kush is a Sativa-dominant hybrid that produces balanced effects. This strain can be a hard-hitter that combines extreme happiness and euphoria with powerful physical relaxation. As a result, OG Kush is ideal for managing stress and anxiety and is commonly used to treat Alzheimer’s Disease, depression, bipolar disorder and chronic pain.
Bubba Kush
Bubba Kush is pure Indica strain that produces an potent body high that will leave you couch locked. With an earthy and sweet taste and piney scent, this strain will help to wash your stress away. It is praised for being able to alleviate insomnia, depression, stress and/or ADD/ADHD.
Chemdawg
A near-even hybrid, Chemdawg delivers on both cerebral and physical fronts. The clear cerebral high helps promote creativity alongside a sleepy body high that battles insomnia and helps to relax tense muscles. This strain has a spicy and piney taste that helps melt anxiety and pain. This strain helps to produce Sour Diesel, which is also high in Beta Caryophyllene.
Rockstar
Rockstar is an Indica-dominant hybrid (not to be confused with Rockstar OG or Rockstar Kush). This is the parent of the Rockstar strains and boasts moderate THC content that can help with improving mood and relaxing the body – without leaving you sedated. This strain is favored for insomnia as well as managing muscle spasms and tremors.
Skywalker OG
Skywalker OG is an 85% Indica-dominant strain that has THC levels that can reach up to 25%. A spicy, herbal scent is combined with a diesel taste in this strain to produce a very heavy high that leaves users relaxed and couch locked with a pleasant euphoria and strong case of the munchies![/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]